SHOULDER
- It is caused by friction of the rotator cuff tendons with the acromion.
- Symptoms: pain when raising the arm, limited mobility.
- Treatment: physical therapy, anti-inflammatories, in advanced cases – arthroscopic decompression.
- This is a rupture in one or more tendons that stabilize the shoulder.
- Symptoms: severe pain, inability to raise the arm, night pain.
- Treatment: physical therapy, biological therapies, surgical rehabilitation.
- Inflammation of the biceps tendon.
- Symptoms: pain in the front of the shoulder, worsened by movement.
- Treatment: rest, ice, anti-inflammatories, biological therapies, physical therapy.
- The shoulder is easily dislocated, either due to injury or congenital laxity.
- Symptoms: shoulder that dislocates during movements, feeling of instability.
- Treatment: muscle strengthening, arthroscopic repair.
- Progressive loss of mobility due to adhesions in the joint capsule.
- Symptoms: severe pain, gradual immobility.
- Treatment: physical therapy, cortisone injections, movements under anesthesia, surgical rehabilitation.
- Degenerative disease that affects articular cartilage.
- Symptoms: pain, stiffness, limited movement.
- Treatment: conservative measures, arthroplasty
- Usually traumatic.
- The head of the humerus is dislocated from the glenoid cavity.
- Symptoms: severe pain, deformity, inability to move.
- Treatment: reduction, immobilization, rehabilitation with physical therapy, surgery for recurrent dislocation
- Inflammation of the serous bursa below the acromion.
- Symptoms: pain when raising the arm, tenderness.
- Often coexists with tendonitis.
- Treatment: anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, biological therapies.
- They affect the function of muscles such as the serratus anterior.
- They can cause "winged scapula".
- Treatment: physical therapy, nerve function restoration.
- Mechanical or inflammatory etiology.
- Pain, swelling, redness, reduced mobility.
- Septic arthritis is an emergency.
- Treatment: medication, in advanced cases arthroplasty.
- Degenerative changes or injuries of the small joint between the acromion and the clavicle.
- Symptoms: localized pain, discomfort during lifting movements.
- Treatment: conservative with injections, arthroscopy.
- Bone necrosis due to inadequate blood supply.
- Causes: cortisone, alcoholism, trauma.
- Treatment: initially conservative, eventually perhaps surgical treatment (arthroplasty).
- Rare but important: may affect bones, soft tissues or joints.
- Symptoms: persistent pain, swelling, weight loss.
- Description: It is the most common shoulder fracture, especially in elderly people with osteoporosis.
- Where it occurs: In the head or near the neck of the humerus.
- Symptoms: Swelling, pain, deformity, inability to move.
Treatment: - Conservative: Immobilization with a splint or envelope
- Surgical: osteosynthesis with plate/screws or arthroplasty/reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
- Description: Rare fracture, often from high-energy trauma (traffic accidents, falls).
- Where it occurs: Body of the scapula, glenoid cavity, acromion, or coracoid process.
- Symptoms: Pain in the back of the shoulder, hematoma, difficulty moving.
- Treatment: Usually conservative, but some intra-articular fractures require surgery.
- Description: Very common, especially in children and young people.
- Where it occurs: Usually in the middle third of the clavicle.
- Symptoms: Pain, visible deformity, hematoma, "crackling" sound.
- Treatment:
- Conservative: Immobilization with a bandage or envelope.
- Surgical: In case of large displacement or crushing fracture.
- Description: Fracture of the scapular fossa that receives the head of the humerus.
- Often associated with: Shoulder dislocations.
- Treatment: Usually surgical due to its importance for shoulder stability.